Keberadaan website sekolah ditujukan untuk memberikan informasi sekolah kepada siswa dan orang tua siswa tentang segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan sekolah seperti profil sekolah, kurikulum, kegiatan sekolah, dokumentasi kegiatan, dan layanan akademik sekolah seperti rapor online, ujian berbasis daring sampai dengan pemberitahuan pengumuman.
Setiap sekolah saat ini direkomendasikan untuk memiliki website sekolah untuk memberikan layanan terbaik kepada masyarakat khususnya peserta didik dan orang tua siswa. Namun, membangun website sekolah saat ini masih dipandang sulit dan mahal. Budget untuk membangun website sekolah itu tergantung kelengkapan konten di dalamnya. Bila konten hanya bersifat statis, hanya menghadirkan fitur biasa seperti informasi tentang sekolah tidak perlu mengeluarkan biaya yang berlebih. Akan tetapi website sekolah yang dilengkapi dengan fitur- fitur tertentu seperti pendaftaran online ujian berbasis daring, pengumuman kelulusan dengan database, maka tidak sedikit anggaran untuk dikeluarkan.
Nah, pada tulisan berikut ini saya akan membagikan beberapa tips persiapan membangun website sekolah secara efektif, bagus, informatif dan tentu saja tidak mahal.
Persiapan Membangun Website Sekolah
Pengetahuan dasar mengenai website
Membangun website sekolah memerlukan pengetahuan dasar tentang bagaimana menulis artikel, mengedit template, mengedit HTML, upload file, download file, mengetahui domain dan hosting, mengetahui FTP ,serta mengetahui cpanel. Tidak ada salahnya sedikit belajar mengenai hal tersebut diatas yang mana banyak digelar di jagat internet.
Tentukan konsep website sekolah
Ada bermacam- macam konsep untuk digunakan di website sekolah misalnya saja bebasis Joomla, Drupal, WordPress atau bahkan buatan sendiri dengan beragam bahasa pemrograman web seperti Java, Dreamweaver, Netbeans, Frontpage dan sebagainya . Pilih yang sekiranya familiar dan mudah untuk dipahami. salah satu yang paling banyak digunakan WordPress. WordPress mudah digunakan bahkan tanpa dasar pemahaman bahasa pemrograman sekalipun dan tutorial yang lumayan banyak. Plus template WordPress tersedia untuk website sekolah dan jutaan plugin yang memudahkan untuk keperluan website sekolah. Pilih instalasi WordPress pada cPanel Hosting saat kita sudah membeli paket domain dan hosting. Bila sekolah membutuhkan website sekolah sekaligus untuk learning management sstem (LMS), bisa menggunakan Moodle sebagai base web nya.
Membeli Domain dan Web Hosting
Kedua istilah ini, domain dan web hosting, sering kita dengar. Sederhananya domain itu ibarat alamat rumah dan web hosting adalah rumah dimana alamat itu berada. Ada dua jenis domain yaitu free domain dan Top level domain. Biasanya free domain memakai sub domain seperti blogspot.co.id atau wordpress.com. Dalam membuat website sekolah, kita biasanya memerlukan ekstensi top level domain yaitu .sch.id. Sedangkan untuk hosting, pilihlah hosting dengan bandwith yang lumayan cukup atau unlimited untuk digunakan agar aksesnya cepat pada waktu- waktu tertentu saat jumlah pengunjungnya banyak serta tidak nge-hank.
Baik domain dan hosting, kita akan dikenakan biaya layanan langganan tahunan dari penyedia layanan domain dan web hosting. Setiap developer penyedia jasa penjualan domain akan menerapkan syarat tertentu dalam pembelian domain sekolah seperti surat resmi pengajuan domain .sch.id dari institusi yang bersangkutan.
Administrator Website
Seorang adminitrator ditunjuk sebagai pengelola website sekolah. Seorang adiministrator mesti kompeten, mengenali berbagai fitur dalam website serta harus selalu update karena administrator akan mengupdate artikel atau fitur terkini tentang sekolah.
Itulah beberapa tips persiapan membangun website sekolah secara efektif, bagus, dan informatif. Semoga artikel atau tulisan ini berguna dan bermanfaat.
Soal Tes Bahasa Inggris PKN STAN terdiri dari soal structure dan reading comprehension (dari pengalaman tahun sebelumnya). Soal structure bahasa Inggris merupakan soal yang unik, karena memang harus mengenali tipikal soal berdasarkan bentuk grammatikalnya. Kebanyakan materi-materi structure grammar yang keluar belum diajarkan di sekolah. Sedangkan pada soal reading comprehension teks diambil dari jurnal- jurnal ilmiah atau artikel tertentu yang relevan. Tingkat kesulitan dalam soal reading lebih ke tingkat medium, tidak terlalu mudah juga tidak sesulit soal tes seperti soal UTBK bahasa Inggris atau TOEFL.
Teks- teks soal reading comprehension banyak memunculkan kosakata- kosakata baru sehingga, salah satu cara adalah perbanyak latihan dan menggunakan strategi jitu untuk menyelesaikannya. Adik- adik bisa melihat pada tulisan saya sebelumnya tentang strategi dan pembahasan soal reading TBI PKN STAN tentang pembahasan dan cara menyelesaikan serta mengenali tipikal soal reading tes bahasa Inggris PKN STAN. Pada bagian ini, merupakan latihan soal reading comprehension soal TBI PKN STAN untuk menerapkan catatan pada tulisan sebelumnya tersebut.
Nah, langsung saja, berikut latihan soal- soalnya.
Text 1
Supernovas are the most powerful and spectacular outbursts known in nature. What is called a Type II supernova is due to the collapse of a massive star, at least eight times as massive as the sun, that has used up its main nuclear fuel and produced a nickel-iron core. When this core can no longer support the pressure of the star’s outer layers, it collapses to form a neutron star of immense density. Over 2,500 million tons of neutron star material could be packed into a matchbox. Its temperature is around 100.000 million degrees centigrade. Multitudes of neutrons are produced in the collapsed star, which pass directly through the start into space, and this release of neutrons causes the core to respond with a shock wave that moves outward. When it meets the material that is falling inward, the result is a catastrophic only a small, incredibly dense remnant that may be a neutron star or, in extreme cases, a black hole.
A supernova is often more than 500 million times as luminous as the sun. A supernova remnant (SNR) may be detectable as a pulsar, an example of which is the Crab Nebula, known to be a remnant of the supernova observed in the year 1054. The 1987 supernova in the Large Cloud of Magellan had a low peak luminosity by supernova standards, only about 250 million times that of the sun. At its brightest the supernova shone as a star between magnitudes 2 and 3, even though it was 170,000 light-years away.
1. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. The formation and power of a supernova
B. The heat of Supernova
C. The role of shock waves in a supernova
D. The density of a neuron star
2. According to the passage which of the following is not TRUE about the 1987 SUPERNOVA?
A. It was situated in the Large Cloud of Magellan
B. It was 170,000 light-years away
C. It shone as a star between magnitudes 3 and 4
D. It had a low peak luminosity
3. The word "it" in line 8 refers to ....
A. A shock wave
B. neutron star
C. core of the collapsed star
D. catastrophic explosion
4. The word "detectable" in paragraph 2 has the closest meaning to ....
A. assumed
B. known
C. perceptible
D. audible
5. The author of this passage is most likely ....
A. a botanist
B. an economist
C. an astronomer
D. a mathematics
Text 2
Today's car are smaller, safer, cleaner, and more economical than their predecessors, but the car of the future will be far more pollution-free than those on the road today. Several new types of automobile engines have already been developed that run on alternative sources of power, such as electricity, compressed natural gas, methanol, steam, hydrogen, and propane. Electricity, however, is the only zero emission option presently available. Although electric vehicles will not be truly practical until a powerful, compact battery or other dependable source of current is available, transportation experts foresee a new assortment of electric vehicle entering everyday life; shorter-range commuter electric cars, three-wheeled neighborhood cars, electric delivery vans, bikes, and trolleys.
As automakers work to develop practical electrical vehicles, urban planners and utility engineers are focusing on infrastructure systems to support and make the use of the new cars. Public charging facilities will need to be as common as today's gas stations. Public parking spots on the street or the in commercial lots will need to be equipped with devices that allow drivers to charge their batteries while they shop, dine, or attend a concert. To encourage the use of electric vehicles, the most convenient parking in transportation centers might be reserved for electric cars.
Planners foresee electric shuttle buses, trains, buses, and neighborhood vehicles all meeting at transit centers that would have facilities for charging and renting. Commutes will be able to rent a variety of electric cars to suit their needs: light trucks, one-person three-wheeler, small cars, or electric/gasoline hybrid cars for longer trips, which will no doubt take place on automated freeways capable of handling five minutes times number of vehicles that can be carried by a freeway today.
6. What is the author's purpose of the passage?
A. to criticize the conventional vehicle
B. to support the invention of electric cars
C. to persuade the readers to use electric cars
D. to describe possibilities for transportation in the future
7. The passage would most likely be followed by details about ....
A. automated freeways
B. pollution restrictions in the future
C. the neighborhood of the future
D. electric shuttle bus
8. In the second paragraph the author implies that ....
A. a dependable source of electric energy will eventually be developed
B. everyday life will stay much the same in the future
C. a single electric vehicle will eventually replace several modes of transportation
D. electric vehicles are not practical for the future
9. In the fourth paragraph, the word "foresee" could be best replaced with ....
A. count on
B. rely on
C. imagine
D. invent
10. This passage would most likely be found in a ....
A. medical journal
B. history book
C. popular psychology periodical
D. textbook on urban planning
11. According to the passage, public parking lots of the future will be ....
A. more convenient than they are today
B. equipped with charging devices
C. much larger than now
D. as common as today's gas stations
12. The following electrical vehicles are all mentioned in the passage EXCEPT, ....
A. vans
B. planes
C. trains
D. trolleys
Text 3
As computers have become powerful tools for rapid and economic of production of picture, computer graphics has emerged as one of the most rapidly growing fields in computers science. It such used routinely in such diverse areas as business, industry, government, research, training, and medicine.
One of of the initial uses of computer graphics and ultimately its greatest use, been as an aid to design, generally referred to as computer – aided design (CAD). One of its greatest advantages is that designers can see how an object will lock after construction and make changes freely and much more quickly than with hands drafting. For three-dimensional rendering of machine parts, engineers rely heavily on CAD. Automobile, spacecraft, aerospace, and ship designers use CAD techniques to design vehicles and test their performance. Building designs are also created with computer graphics systems. Architect can design a building layout create a three-dimensional model, and even go for simulated “walk” through the rooms or around the outside of the building.
Business graphics is another rapidly growing are of computer graphics, where it is to create graphs, charts, and cost models summarize financial, statistical, mathematical, scientific, and economic data. As an education aid, computer also has creative and commercial art applications, where it is used in advertising, publishing and film productions, particularly for computer animation, which is achieved by a sequential process.
13. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. Computer graphics applications
B. Routines uses of computers
C. The rapidly growing field of computer science
D. Computers as the architects of the future
14. According to the passage, architects use CAD to....
A. inspect building
B. create graphs
C. make cartographic materials
D. create three-dimensional models
15. The word "it" in line 2 refers to....
A. computer graphics
B. computer science
C. field
D. computers
16. The word "applications" in paragraph 3 means ....
A. uses
B. jobs
C. creativity
D. layers
Text 4
Research has indicated that dyslexia has biological origin,and most investigators now suspect that dyslexic children read poorly as a result of highly specific language problem,sometimes called "phonological unawareness". Dyslexic children cannot easily learn to read because they have trouble associating printed letters with the sound of speech. A similar problem occurs in congenitally deaf people who have mastered the linguistic complexities and subtleties of sign language but have trouble learning to read.
Evidence also exists suggesting that the root cause for much dyslexia is a problem with processing very rapidly changing sensory stimuli.For example,studies have shown that dyslexic children have trouble making accurate distinctions between similar auditory signals.They often cannot hear the difference between speech sounds such as "pah","dah",and "bah". Recently,differences have been noted between the visual pathways pf dyslexics and those of non-dyslexics that suggest a comparable problem with fast changing visual stimuli. Researchers have also found several other neuroanatomical abnormalities in the temporal lobe and in the other areas of the brain. All of these studies are extremely valuable in helping researchers understand the mechanisms underlying reading problems so that dyslexic children can be accurately identified and more efficiently helped.
17. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. to change current ideas about dyslexia
B. to explore the causes of dyslexia
C. to determine between dyslexia and congenital deafness
D. to take example of dyslexia behavior
18. This passage would be most interest to ....
A. children
B. writers
C. educators
D. scientists
19. The author compares the problems of dyslexic children with ....
A. dyslexic adults
B. the subtleties of sign language
C. the visual pathways of other dyslexics
D. the problems of congenitally deaf people
20. In line 9 The word "distinctions" could be best replaced with ....
A. similarities
B. experiences
C. imaginations
D. differences
Text 5
In North America there are two forms of bison, the plains bison and the woodland bison. The plains bison once ranged from Pennsylvania and Georgia to the Rockies, north to the edge of the Canadian forest, and south onto the central plateau of Mexico. The bison has a great tolerance to cold. When blizzards rage across the North American prairie, bison lower their heads and face directly into the storm. In winter the vegetation on which these animals feed may be hidden beneath a deep blanket of snow; however, this does not present a problem, for the bison use their hooves and massive heads to clear away the snow and then feed on the grasses below. Bison are strong survivors and have few predators except for humans, who reduced their population to the point at which, around 1900, there were fewer than a thousand plains bison left. However, with protection and careful breeding they have been brought back to the point where their numbers can be multiplied at will. Large herds presently range on both government and private lands where they are protected. Other endangered species need the same planning and protection.
21. What is the topic of the passage?
A. the diversity of climates in America
B. national parks of north America
C. cold-blooded animals of the Southwestern desert
D. the endangered grizzly of North America
22. Where would Bison be found during severe winter storm?
A. Seeking shelter behind boulders
B. In the open
C. in caves
D. Behind trees
23. It can be concluded from the passage that ....
A. Bison will eventually be extinct
B. Bison are more fragile than they appear
C. The Bison population can be controlled
D. Bison were native to a limited territory
24. The word "their" in line 10 refers to ....
A. numbers
B. predators
C. humans
D. plains bison
25. "...Large herds presently range on both government..."
What does the underlined word mean?
A. move about
B. cook on a store
C. drive a long distance
D. surround
Sekian latihan soal reading comprehension tes bahasa Inggris PKN STAN. Semoga bisa menjadi gambaran akan tipe -tipe soal yang sering muncul khususnya dalam bagian soal reading.
Oya, soal latihan juga tersedia dalam Quizizz lho, format soal tryout dengan jumlah 30 butir soal dengan penskoran yang sama, sangat menarik untuk dicoba.
PKN STAN masih mendominasi jumlah pendaftar sekolah kedinasan terbanyak. Dengan jumlah pendaftar yang membludak, persaingan pun akan semakin berat. Karenanya, berbagai strategi mesti dipersiapkan untuk bisa diterima di sekolah kedianasan tersebut. Cara yang pertama dan utama adalah dengan menyelesaikan soal- soal ujian masuknya dengan baik, artinya, meraih nilai diatas passing grade dan masuk dalam pe-ranking-an sesuai dengan jumlah kuota yang ditetapkan.
Salah satu mata uji yang dites-kan adalah tes bahasa Inggris (TBI). Sejak 2018 lalu, soal bahasa Inggris PKN STAN terdiri dari 30 (tiga puluh) soal dengan materi grammar (structure and written expression) dan reading text dengan moda Computer Assisted Test (CAT). Soal structure and written expression dan reading text memiliki tipe soal yang berbeda. Soal structure and written expression lebih ke penguasaan grammar praktis sedangkan soal reading text lebih ke pemahaman teks baik secara makna maupun konteks. Untuk soal tipe structure and written expression, bisa dilihat pembahasan materi- materi dan contoh soal melalui blog ini pada menu halaman atas TBI PKN STAN.
Soal teks untuk reading comprehension dalam soal- soal USM PKN STAN biasanya diambil dari berbagai sumber baik website tertentu ataupun dari sumber lain yang relevan misalnya jurnal ilmiah. Sebelum masuk ke dalam soal latihan, berikut ini akan dibahas tentang strategi menyelesaikan soal reading tes bahasa Inggris (TBI) PKN STAN.
Menentukan Main Idea
Dalam setiap pertanyaan reading, soal yang paling sering muncul adalah tentang menentukan ide utama dalam teks. Main idea/ ide utama merupakan ide yang paling penting dalam sebuah teks atau tentang apakah teks tersebut. Setiap teks memiliki ide utama subordinate. ide utama lebih umum dari supporting ide atau detail dalam sebuah bagian teks.
Ide utama kadang muncul di awal paragraf akan tetapi bisa juga muncul di tengah atau akhir paragraf.
Ketika ide utama dalam sebuah teks itu tidak jelas karena setiap paragraf memiliki poin utama yang berbeda, maka pertanyaan seputar topik utama akan biasa muncul. Berikut ini contoh dari pertanyaan menentukan ide utama,
What is the main idea of the passage?
What is the main idea expressed in the passage?
What does the passage mainly discuss?
With what topic is the passage mainly concerned?
The main topic of the passage is ....
Contoh soal PMB STAN 2017
Tesla, a Serbian by parentage, began working for the phone company in Budapest. In 1882, he headed for Paris, where he took a job with the Continental Edison Company. He was invited to work stateside after his supervisor wrote a recommendation praising the young man as a genius on par with Edison himself. While he hired Tesla, Edison thought the man's ideas were “splendid” but “utterly impractical.” Edison relied heavily on tedious experimentation for most of his discoveries, a commitment which some historians attribute partially to his lack of formal education. Tesla, in contrast, was an emotionally driven dreamer with years of engineering training, which allowed him to work out theories before physically implementing them. Later in life, each man publicly criticized the other’s work.
At the same point, Tesla insisted that he could increase the efficiency of Edison’s prototypical dynamos, and eventually wore down Edison enough to let him try. Edison, Tesla later claimed, even promised him $50,000 if he succeeded. Tesla worked around the clock for several months and made a great deal of progress. When he demanded his reward, Edison claimed the offer was a joke, saying, “When you become a full-fledged American, you will appreciate an American joke.” Edison offered a $10/week raise, instead. Ever prideful, Tesla quit, and spent the next few months picking up odd jobs across New York City.
Edison's least favorite of Tesla's impractical ideas was the concept of using alternating current (AC) technology to bring electricity to people. Edison insisted that his own direct current (DC) system was superior, in that it maintained a lower voltage from power station to consumer, and was therefore safer. But AC technology, which allows the flow of energy to periodically change direction, is more practical for transmitting massive quantities of energy, as is required by a large city, or hub of industry, say. At the time, DC technology only allowed for a power grid with a one-mile radius from the power source. The conflict between the two methods and their masters came to be known as the War currents. In the end, AC won out. Mostly. Westinghouse fulfilled Tesla’s dream of building a power plant at Niagara Falls to power New York City, and built upon its principles the same system of local power grids we use today
What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The rivalry between Tesla and Edison
B. The superiority of AC system
C. The invention of AC and DC system
D. The biography of Nikola Tesla
Pembahasan :
Jawaban terbaik adalah (A), The rivalry between Tesla and Edison, karena mengkombinasikan poin utama pada paragraf pertama, kedua dan ketiga.
Strategi Menjawab Main Idea:
Main idea tidak selalu muncul pada kalimat pertama dalam sebuah paragraf atau passage. Itu bisa muncul di tengah atau di akhir sebuah paragraf atau passage.
Ketika ide utama tidak jelas dalam suatu paragraf karena setiap paragraf memiliki poin utama, maka kombinasikan semua poin utama setiap paragraf untuk mendapatkan main idea.
Jawaban untuk main idea harus berkaitan dengan keseluruhan dari teks tersebut, bukan salah satu bagian saja, artinya bagian tersebut disebutkan dalam setiap paragraf yang terdapat dalam teks tersebut.
Biasanya, pilihan jawaban yang salah, terdiri dari beberapa opsi ;
Pernyataan benar, akan tetapi hanya terdapat pada satu bagian paragraf saja.
Pernyataan yang terlalu umum
Pernyataan yang berbeda dengan pernyataan yang dinyatakan dalam teks.
Pertanyaan Detail
Pertanyaan detail (detail questions) menanyakan tentang informasi spesifik dalam sebuah teks. Detail questions biasanya dimulai dengan pertanyaan,
According to the passage, ....
Untuk menjawab pertanyaan detail, gunakan kata kunci atau kata tertentu dalam pertanyaan. Gunakan teknik scanning dan temukan kata kunci dalam setiap paragraff dalam teks. Saat kata kunci ditemukan, bacalah seluruh kalimat lengkap sampai menemukan informasi yang tepat.
Perlu diketahui juga bahwa jawaban yang benar atau kata kunci yang ditemukan tidak selalu merupakan kata yang sama, tetapi bisa merupakan persamaan kata atau sinonim atau parafrase dari sebuah kalimat.
Contoh : Eugene O'Neill was a well-known dramatist, yang dalam teks bisa ditemukan pernyataan yang memiliki makna yang sama yaitu, his plays won him fame.
Pertanyaan detail (Stated Details Questions)
Tipe pertanyaan ini menanyakan tentang detail pertanyaan dalam teks. beberapa pertanyaan yang menyatakan pertanyaan ini adalah seperti,
According to the passage ....
It is stated in the passage ....
The passage indicates that ....
Which of the following is true...?
Contoh soal PMB STAN 2017
Tesla, a Serbian by parentage, began working for the phone company in Budapest. In 1882, he headed for Paris, where he took a job with the Continental Edison Company. He was invited to work stateside after his supervisor wrote a recommendation praising the young man as a genius on par with Edison himself. While he hired Tesla, Edison thought the man's ideas were “splendid” but “utterly impractical.” Edison relied heavily on tedious experimentation for most of his discoveries, a commitment which some historians attribute partially to his lack of formal education. Tesla, in contrast, was an emotionally driven dreamer with years of engineering training, which allowed him to work out theories before physically implementing them. Later in life, each man publicly criticized the other’s work.
At the same point, Tesla insisted that he could increase the efficiency of Edison’s prototypical dynamos, and eventually wore down Edison enough to let him try. Edison, Tesla later claimed, even promised him $50,000 if he succeeded. Tesla worked around the clock for several months and made a great deal of progress. When he demanded his reward, Edison claimed the offer was a joke, saying, “When you become a full-fledged American, you will appreciate an American joke.” Edison offered a $10/week raise, instead. Ever prideful, Tesla quit, and spent the next few months picking up odd jobs across New York City.
Edison's least favorite of Tesla's impractical ideas was the concept of using alternating current (AC) technology to bring electricity to people. Edison insisted that his own direct current (DC) system was superior, in that it maintained a lower voltage from power station to consumer, and was therefore safer. But AC technology, which allows the flow of energy to periodically change direction, is more practical for transmitting massive quantities of energy, as is required by a large city, or hub of industry, say. At the time, DC technology only allowed for a power grid with a one-mile radius from the power source. The conflict between the two methods and their masters came to be known as the War currents. In the end, AC won out. Mostly. George Westinghouse, an inventor, entrepreneur, and engineer who had himself been feuding with Edison for years fulfilled Tesla’s dream of building a power plant at Niagara Falls to power New York City, and built upon its principles the same system of local power grids we use today
According to the text, which one is the advantage of DC system?
A. It maintains a lower voltage from power station to consumer
B. It allows for a power grid with a one-mile radius from the power source
C. It is more practical for transmitting massive quantities of energy
D. It is more economical to be applied.
Pembahasan :
Yang merupakan keuntungan dari sistem DC adalah tepat pada pilihan jawaban A, It maintains a lower voltage from power station to consumer, dinyatakan dalam kalimat kedua paragraf ketiga.
Pertanyaan detail tentang What is Not (Unstated Details)
Tipe pertanyaan ini menanyakan tentang pernyataan apa yang tidak benar dalam teks. Biasanya pertanyaan ini menggunakan kata NOT atau EXCEPT dalam huruf kapital. Contoh pertanyaan yang sering muncul adalah sebagai berikut,
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
According to the passage, all of the following are true, EXCEPT....
Which one is NOT TRUE ...
Contoh soal PMB STAN 2017
Tesla, a Serbian by parentage, began working for the phone company in Budapest. In 1882, he headed for Paris, where he took a job with the Continental Edison Company. He was invited to work stateside after his supervisor wrote a recommendation praising the young man as a genius on par with Edison himself. While he hired Tesla, Edison thought the man's ideas were “splendid” but “utterly impractical.” Edison relied heavily on tedious experimentation for most of his discoveries, a commitment which some historians attribute partially to his lack of formal education. Tesla, in contrast, was an emotionally driven dreamer with years of engineering training, which allowed him to work out theories before physically implementing them. Later in life, each man publicly criticized the other’s work.
At the same point, Tesla insisted that he could increase the efficiency of Edison’s prototypical dynamos, and eventually wore down Edison enough to let him try. Edison, Tesla later claimed, even promised him $50,000 if he succeeded. Tesla worked around the clock for several months and made a great deal of progress. When he demanded his reward, Edison claimed the offer was a joke, saying, “When you become a full-fledged American, you will appreciate an American joke.” Edison offered a $10/week raise, instead. Ever prideful, Tesla quit, and spent the next few months picking up odd jobs across New York City.
Edison's least favorite of Tesla's impractical ideas was the concept of using alternating current (AC) technology to bring electricity to people. Edison insisted that his own direct current (DC) system was superior, in that it maintained a lower voltage from power station to consumer, and was therefore safer. But AC technology, which allows the flow of energy to periodically change direction, is more practical for transmitting massive quantities of energy, as is required by a large city, or hub of industry, say. At the time, DC technology only allowed for a power grid with a one-mile radius from the power source. The conflict between the two methods and their masters came to be known as the War currents. In the end, AC won out. Mostly. George Westinghouse, an inventor, entrepreneur, and engineer who had himself been feuding with Edison for years fulfilled Tesla’s dream of building a power plant at Niagara Falls to power New York City, and built upon its principles the same system of local power grids we use today
Which one is NOT TRUE about Nikola Tesla?
A. He worked for Edison's company
B. He built a power plant at Niagara Falls
C. He had a better educational background than Edison
D. He worked out theories before physically implementing them
Pembahasan :
Pilihan A, bukan jawaban yang benar, karena sesuai dengan pernyataan pada paragraf pertama kalimat ketiga. Pilihan B, juga bukan jawaban yang benar karena disebutkan pada paragraf ketiga kalimat terakhir. Pilihan D, dinyatakan dalam paragraf pertama, kalimat keenam "Tesla, in contrast, was an emotionally driven dreamer with years of engineering training, which allowed him to work out theories before physically implementing them.
Pilihan C, tidak diesbutkan dalam teks, sehingga merupakan jawaban yang paling benar.
Strategi Menjawab Detail Questions
Tentukan kata kunci dalam pertanyaan
Pilih metode skimming untuk mencari kata kunci yang relevan dalam teks
Jawaban dari detail questions biasanya merupakan re-statement atau apa yang dinyatakan kembali dalam teks
Pada pertanyaan what is not dalam teks, pilihlah pernyataan yang salah atau tidak benar yang disebutkan dalam teks.
Pertanyaan Reference dan Vocabulary
Pertanyaan reference menanyakan tentang kata- kata rujukan dalam teks, seperti kata ganti (pronoun) "they" "them","it", dll.
Contoh Soal PMB STAN 2017
Pertanyaan rujukan The word its in line 23 refers to ....
A. New York City
B. Power Plant
C. AC system
D. The combination of AC and DC principles
Pembahasan :
Pilihan yang benar adalah B, "its"menggantikan Power Plant
Pertanyaan vocabulary The word tedious in line 5 is closest in meaning to ....
A. diverse
B. dull
C. dynamic
D. tenacious
Pembahasan :
Pilihan jawaban yang paling tepat adalah B, dull, kata tedious berarti membosankan. Kata diverse berarti berbeda, kata dynamic berarti dinamis, dan kata tenacious berarti gigih.
Strategi menjawab pertanyaan Reference dan Vocabulary
Dalam menjawab pertanyaan rujukan, berhati- hatilah terhadap noun didekat kata rujukan tersebut.
Kata- kata rujukan bisa muncul sebagai kata benda (noun) atau frase kata benda (noun phrase)
Substitusikan kata rujukan terhadap kata benda yang ditemukan dalam teks apakah kata tersebut cocok atau tidak.
Dalam pertanyaan vocabulary, bila tidak dapat menjawab pertanyaan secara konteks, cobalah menebak kata berdasarkan konteks dalam kalimat dengan mencari klue- klue tertentu.
Kadang- kadang arti dari sinonim kata tersebut merupakan parafrase dari kata tertentu.
Pahami makna kata tersirat sehingga kata tersebut bis muncul setelah memahami isi bacaan.
Pertanyaan Inference
Pertanyaan inference bisa dikatakan sebagai pertanyaan dengan jawaan yang sulit dalam soal reading. Jawaban atas pertanyaan ini tidak langsung dinyatakan dalam paragraf teks akan tetapi bisa saja secara tersirat. Berikut ini contoh pertanyaan reference,
Which of the following can be inferred about...?
What can be inferred from the passage?
From the passage it can be inferred that ....
The passage implies that ....
The author implies that ....
The passage suggests that ....
It is most probable that ....
Untuk menjawab pertanyaan inference, kita mesti menyimpulkan fakta- fakta yang dinyatakan dalam teks.
Contoh soal PMB STAN 2017
Tesla, a Serbian by parentage, began working for the phone company in Budapest. In 1882, he headed for Paris, where he took a job with the Continental Edison Company. He was invited to work stateside after his supervisor wrote a recommendation praising the young man as a genius on par with Edison himself. While he hired Tesla, Edison thought the man's ideas were “splendid” but “utterly impractical.” Edison relied heavily on tedious experimentation for most of his discoveries, a commitment which some historians attribute partially to his lack of formal education. Tesla, in contrast, was an emotionally driven dreamer with years of engineering training, which allowed him to work out theories before physically implementing them. Later in life, each man publicly criticized the other’s work.
At the same point, Tesla insisted that he could increase the efficiency of Edison’s prototypical dynamos, and eventually wore down Edison enough to let him try. Edison, Tesla later claimed, even promised him $50,000 if he succeeded. Tesla worked around the clock for several months and made a great deal of progress. When he demanded his reward, Edison claimed the offer was a joke, saying, “When you become a full-fledged American, you will appreciate an American joke.” Edison offered a $10/week raise, instead. Ever prideful, Tesla quit, and spent the next few months picking up odd jobs across New York City.
Edison's least favorite of Tesla's impractical ideas was the concept of using alternating current (AC) technology to bring electricity to people. Edison insisted that his own direct current (DC) system was superior, in that it maintained a lower voltage from power station to consumer, and was therefore safer. But AC technology, which allows the flow of energy to periodically change direction, is more practical for transmitting massive quantities of energy, as is required by a large city, or hub of industry, say. At the time, DC technology only allowed for a power grid with a one-mile radius from the power source. The conflict between the two methods and their masters came to be known as the War currents. In the end, AC won out. Mostly. George Westinghouse, an inventor, entrepreneur, and engineer who had himself been feuding with Edison for years fulfilled Tesla’s dream of building a power plant at Niagara Falls to power New York City, and built upon its principles the same system of local power grids we use today
What can be inferred from the text?
A. George Westinghouse and Nicola Tesla were best friend
B. George Westinghouse has invented the generator that we use today
C. George Westinghouse admired Edison's work
D. George Westinghouse rarely agreed with Edison Pembahasan :
Jawaban A merupakan jawaban yang salah karena tidak ada statemen yang mendefinisikan atau mengimplikasikan pernyataan tersebut. Jawaban B, juga bukanlah jawaban yang tepat. Tidak ada pernyataan yang menyebutkan statemen tersebut. Jawaban C, jawaban yang salah, dalam teks disebutkan bahwa Westinghouse dan Edison berselisih. Jawaban D, merupakan jawaban yang tepat karena mengimplikasikan pernyataan yang tepat bahwa Westinghouse dan Edison berselisih dengan kata "rarely agreed" dalam pernyataan.
Strategi menjawab Pernyataan Inference
Memahami informasi dalam teks
Menuliskan kesimpulan atau implikasi pernyataan dalam teks
Jawaban dari pernyataan tidak selalu dinatakan dalam kata-kata atau frase dan kalimat dalam teks.
Memilih jawaban yang benar- benar tersirat dalam teks secara logis dan benar
Pertanyaan tujuan penulis (Questions on Main Purpose)
Model perrnyataan ini adalah menanyakan tujuan penulis menulis teks ini. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan ini, kita bisa menuliskan konklusi yang diambil dari ide utama dan detail- detail informasi tertentu dari teks. Berikut beberapa contoh pertanyaan seputar tujuan penulis.
What is the author's main purpose in the passage?
The author's purpose in writing is to ...
Why did the author write the passage?
Adapun jawaban untuk pertanyaan ini dimulai dengan bentuk infinitive seperti
to discuss
to mention
to persuade
to summarize
to compare
to describe
to tell how
to distinguish
to illustrate
to advise
to criticize
to explain
Strategi menjawab pertanyaan tujuan
Perhatikan pada main idea dalam topik kalimat dan detail informasi yang mendukung ide utama
Tuliskan konklusi tentang tujuan penulis
Contoh soal PMB STAN 2017
Also known as Hutchinson-Gilford Syndrome, Progeria is an extremely rare genetic disease. In this disease the aging process of the body accelerates mush faster than what is does in normal human. This process of aging gallops to about seven times the normal rate. Because of this, a child of ten years would have a look of 70 years old. he or she may also have similar respiratory, cardiovascular, and arthritic conditions that a 70-year-old would have. There is no cure for this disease. The exact cause is unknown, but it is believed due to a single abnormal (mutant) gene. Normally for each gene there are two copies, one from each parent. Progeria considered to be result of a dominant mutation because the gene in question has one normal copy and one abnormal copy, as opposed to a recessive mutation in which both copies are abnormal. Because neither parent carries or expresses the mutation, each case is believed to represent a sporadic new mutation which happiness at the time of conception. also known as Hutchinson-Gilford Syndrome, Progeria is an extremely rare genetic disease. In this disease the aging process of the body accelerates mush faster than what is does in normal human. This process of aging gallops to about seven times the normal rate. Because of this, a child of ten years would have a look of 70 yyears old. he or she may also have similar respiratory, cardiovascular, and arthritic conditions that a 70-year-old would have. There is no cure for this disease. The exact cause is unknown, but it is believed due to a single abnormal (mutant) gene. Normally for each gene there are two copies, one from each parent. Progeria considered to be result of a dominant mutation because the gene in question has one normal copy and one abnormal copy, as opposed to a recessive mutation in which both copies are abnormal. Because neither parent carries or expresses the mutation, each case is believed to represent a sporadic new mutation which happiness at the time of conception. Progeria affects between 1 in 8 million (approx.) children, with a total reported incidence of just 100 in the century since it has been identified. There are currently between 30 and 40 known cases worldwide of Progeria. Children from all races and cultures from around the world have been affected.
Because of the lack of specific laboratory test at this time, the diagnosis must be based on the physical appearance of the individual. The diagnosis is usually made in the first or second year of life when skin changes and failure to gain weight become apparent.
The author's main purpose in the passage is to ....
A. show the cause of Progeria Syndrome
B. state the result of Progeria Syndrome research
C. give the samples about the spread of Progeria Syndrome
D. give explanation of Progeria Syndrome
Pembahasan :
Pilihan jawaban yang paling tepat adalah pada pilihan D, tujuan dituliskannya teks ini adalah memberikan penjelasan akan Progeria Syndrome. Penutup
Demikian pembahasan dan strategi lengkap soal Reading TBI PKN STAN. Semoga ulasan ini bermanfaat bagi adik- adik yang akan mendaftar PKN STAN tahun ini. Untuk latihan soal reading, silahkan klik pada link soal- soal latihan reading TBI PKN STAN materi terbaru dan terupdate 2020. atau klik halaman pada menu TBI PKN STANuntuk materi soal structure grammar.
Salam Sukses selalu.
Sumber referensi tulisan :
Buku Longman Complete Course for the TOEFL Test
Buku The Heinle & Heinle TOEFL Test Assistant Reading
Langkah ini merupakan lanjutan dari tutorial Schoology sebelumnya. Tahapan ini guru mengundang siswa untuk bergabung ke dalam kelas pembelajaran yang sudah dibuat sehingga dapat langsung terlibat dalam pembelajaran baik dalam pembuatan tugas, kuis, pengumuman tertentu, ataupun forum diskusi kelas.
Ada dua moda bagi siswa agar dapat tergabung di dalam kelas yaitu pertama melalui moda komputer atau laptop dan kedua yaitu melalui smartphone. Koneksi internet diperlukan pada kedua moda tersebut.
Cara pertama, melalui komputer atau laptop
Buka website Schoology pada https://www.schoology.com/
Pada halaman website, klik sign up lalu sorot pada submenu student
Isikan nomor kode yang sudah diberikan oleh guru sebelumnya, nomor kode biasanya terdiri dari 13 digit nomor unik lalu klik continue
Mulailah isi data- data yang diperlukan seperti nama, alamat email, password dan tanggal lahir. Jangan lupa centang syarat dan ketentuan yang berlaku lalu pilih register.
Saat berhasil, siswa akan melihat beranda Schoology untuk pertama kali. Akan terlihat aktifitas terbaru melalui recent activity dan course dashboard untuk melihat berbagai item course yang terdapat pada kelas pembelajaran guru.
Sebagai contoh, siswa akan melihat kuis yang guru atau instruktur buat sebelumnya. Bilamana guru memberikan tugas melalui akun admin, maka akan muncul juga assignments pada halaman ini yang mesti diselesaikan oleh siswa.
Cara kedua, melalui smartphone
Buka aplikasi Play Store, ketik Schoology pada mesin pencarian. Klik Instal.
Pada halaman pertama aplikasi, siswa akan diminta untuk log in baik melalui school domain atau melalui schoology.com, fasilitas ini hanya berlaku bagi anda yang sudah pernah mendaftar sebelumnya. Bagi yang pertama kali menggunakan, pilih Sign up pada bagian bawah aplikasi.
Pilih Student
Isikan Kode akses yang diberikan oleh guru
Isikan pula data- data yang diminta seperti nama, alamat email, password dan tanggal lahir. Jangan lupa centang syarat dan ketentuan yang berlaku lalu pilih register.
Berikut tampilan pertama kali aplikasi Schoology versi smartphone. Terdapat berbagai menu termasuk Recent activity, Courses, Groups, Resources, dan sebagainya. Pada bagian kanan atas juga terdapat fitur notifikasi yang menunjukkan aktifitas terupdate baik tugas maupun kuis untuk siswa.
Saat memilih menu Courses, maka akan tampil item yang terdapat pada Course tersebut.
Misalnya saja kuis yang sudah dibuat oleh guru sebelumnya. Mulailah untuk mengerjakan kuis tersebut versi smartphone.
Demikian panduan Schoology untuk siswa melalui komputer dan smartphone. Tuliskan pada kolom komentar bila ada tips dan trik lainnya tentang Schoology.
Schoology sebagai sebuah media e-learning memiliki berbagai kelebihan yaitu fitur- fitur lengkap untuk diterapkan pada semua mapel. Salah satu tips yang ingin saya bagikan pada posting kali ini adalah bagaimana input rumus matematika atau equation dalam pembuatan kuis di schoology.
sumber gambar : Pixabay
Nah, apa saja langkahnya, berikut tahapan- tahapannya,
tampilan equation Schoology
Login ke akun Schoology anda,
Pilih Course yang ingin anda lengkapi fiturnya, bila belum membuat Course, buat terlebih dahulu. (Anda bisa membaca tulisan saya sebelumnya tentang membuat Course di Schoology)
Pada bagian Tests/ Quizzes, tambahkan pertanyaan melalui Add Questions dan pilih jenis soal Multiple Choice
Note: Penerapan equation secara prinsipnya sama baik dalam soal maupun pada bagian pilihan jawaban. Kita hanya memilih menubar "Insert Content" pada halaman editor. Contoh pada tutorial ini akan saya terapkan pada bagian pilihan jawaban.
Pada editor pembuatan soal multiple choice, klik pada bagian kanan 'use rich-text-editor' atau simbol yang berbentuk pen.
Pada halaman Editor, klik menubar 'Insert Content' pilih Equation,
Pilih Math Formula Equations (atau Math Formula sesuai dengan yang dibutuhkan)
Pilih bentuk formula sesuai kebutuhan. Klik Insert bila sudah selesai.
Rumus anda akan ditampilkan pada bagian halaman editor. Klik Save Changes.
Formula yang anda buat sudah muncul pada bagian opsi jawaban. Lakukan langkah yang sama pada opsi jawaban yang lainnya.
Mengawali liburan akhir tahun ini saya akan sedikit berbagi tips kepada teman- teman sekalian khususnya guru matematika yang ingin membuat kuis untuk siswanya melalui Quizizz. Quizizz seperti kita tahu merupakan sebuah tool untuk membuat kuis interaktif. Aplikasi ini menjadi populer karena fitur yang lengkap dan kemudahan pembuatan serta output kuis yang sangat menarik, mudah dioperasikan oleh siapa saja.
Gambar oleh Gerd Altmann dari Pixabay
Salah satu fitur dalam Quizizz untuk guru matematika adalah fitur formula dan equation. Untuk memulainya hanya dengan beberapa langkah mudah yang bisa dilakukan.
Buka akun Quizizz anda,
Buat kuis baru, berikan nama dan tulis subjek yang relevan lalu klik selanjutnya.
Buat Pertanyaan Baru
Pada form pembuatan kuis, pilih tambahkan persamaan Matematika
Setelah muncul editor persamaan, pilih bentuk formula dan equation yang dibutuhkan. Dalam satu soal, formula dapat terbentuk lebih dari satu karakter formula, maka gabungkan dan kombinasikan formula sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Pilih "memasukkan' bila sudah selesai.
Maka soal akan muncul sesuai dengan editing yang sudah dilakukan. Untuk pilihan jawaban, lakukan seperti halnya langkah pembuatan soal tadi. Jangan lupa klik salah satu kunci jawaban yang benar.
Berikut preview dari soal yang sudah dibuat. Klik simpan bila sudah selesai.
Bentuk soal matematika sudah siap untuk dirilis. Lakukan langkah- langkah tersebut untuk soal- soal berikutnya.
Salah satu fasilitas disediakan oleh Google Classroom adalah Tugas kelas. Pada tugas kelas ini guru dapat memberikan tugas kepada siswa berupa kuis yang nantinya langsung dikirimkan ke siswa melalui email yang bersangkutan.
Untuk membuatnya berikut langkah- langkah mudah yang bisa dilakukan.
Buka akun Classroom anda,
Pada menubar atas, pilih 'Tugas Kelas' dan klik '+ Buat', pilih 'Tugas Kuis'.
Pada pop up tugas, isikan Judul, petunjuk, lalu pilih Blank Quiz
Mulailah atur Blank Quiz, disini saya memilih membuat soal isian, Anda juga bisa memilih membuat soal model pilihan ganda dan model soal lainnya. Tinggal disesuaikan saja.
Isikan pertanyaan
Isikan jawaban yang benar
Atur poin atau penskoran
Tambah pertanyaan selanjutnya
Klik selesai
Anda bisa mengatur tampilan warna, melihat preview kuis, dan setting kuis yang dibuat melalui menu disebelah kanan atas
Berikut contoh preview kuis yang sudah dibuat
Klik kirim bila sudah selesai dan notifikasi akan langsung dikirim ke siswa melalui email mereka. Atau siswa bisa melihat pada beranda menu Tugas Kelas tentang tugas- tugas yang harus dikerjakan.
Demikian cara membuat tugas untuk siswa di Google Classroom. semoga tutorial ini bisa bermanfaat bagi teman- teman guru yang memanfaatkan fitur ini untuk pembelajaran.
Quizizz adalah sebuah web tool untuk membuat kuis interaktif dalam pembelajaran online di kelas. Penggunaannya sangat mudah, dengan hanya men-setting kuis interaktif anda sesuai dengan kebutuhan misalnya dengan pengaturan jumlah pilihan jawaban, background layar, serta pengaturan pertanyaan, anda akan mendapatkan tampilan dan kualitas kuis interaktif yang sangat menarik.
Fitur Quizizz selalu berkembang, salah satunya yaitu fitur integrasi Quizizz dengan google Classroom. Kita tahu, Google Classroom sebagai suatu wadah untuk kelas berbasis e-learning dengan bermacam fasilitas seperti kuis, pengumuman, online learning, dan sebagainya. Dengan tambahan fitur tersebut akan memperkaya konten dan membuat fitur Classroom anda lebih menarik lagi.
Bagaimanakah caranya, berikut ini langkah- langkah mudah untuk memulainya,
Buat kuis melalui Quizizz seperti biasa sampai dengan tahapan akhir, sampai pada halaman untuk selenggarakan game, pilih Game Langsung atau Pekerjaan Rumah.
Anda akan mendapatkan kode bergabung kuis tersebut. Pilih "berbagi melalui"
Akan muncul pop up yang menunjukkan berbagai aplikasi yang tersedia untuk berbagi. Pilih Google Classroom.
Atur settingan Google Classroom pada notifikasi yang muncul.
Saat notifikasi berikut ini muncul, maka anda sudah berhasil mengintegrasikan Quizizz dan Google Classroom.
Terakhir, Buka Google Classroom anda, dan pengumuman secara otomatis muncul di beranda kelas. Ketika siswa anda mengklik tautan pada beranda kelasnya, mereka akan diminta untuk masuk dengan akun Google menuju kelas mereka dan siap untuk mengerjakan tugas tersebut.
Menarik bukan?
Silahkan integrasikan Google Classroom anda dengan aplikasi- aplikasi yang menarik untuk memperkaya konten kelas anda. Penutup, jangan lupa untuk membaca artikel- artikel saya pada rubrik tekno guru di blog ini. Semoga guru Indonesia semakin maju...
