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Tips Menjawab Soal Reading Ujian Nasional (UN) : Menentukan Pesan Moral (Moral Value) dalam Teks Narrative

Tips Menjawab Soal Reading Ujian Nasional (UN) : Menentukan Pesan Moral (Moral Value) dalam Teks Narrative

Dalam soal reading ujian nasional baik tingkat SMP atau SMA, kita sering menemukan pertanyaan seputar pesan moral (moral value) khususnya dalam teks narrative. Selain menghibur (to amuse/ to entertain) salah satu tujuan komunikatif teks narrative lainnya  adalah memberikan ‘pelajaran’ atau ‘moral teaching’ kepada pembaca/pendengar. ‘moral value’ atau ‘moral teaching’ bisa dinyatakan dalam sebuah pernyataaan atau kalimat perintah/larangan.
source : Pixabay

Tingkat kesulitan tipe soal ini sangat tinggi karena berada pada ranah sintesa. Dengan tingkatan pemahaman membacanya sangat tinggi dan termasuk dalam soal bertipe ‘higher order of thinking’ pembiasaan untuk berfikir kritis sangat diperlukan.

Contoh soal yang merepresentasikan tentang pesan moral adalah sebagai berikut,

  • What is the moral value of the story?
  • What can we learn from the story?
Sebagai contoh, berikut soal tentang menentukan pesan moral (moral value) dalam teks yang terdapt pada soal- soal ujian nasional SMP atau SMA

Latihan Soal UN SMP
The Wolf and the Goat

A wolf saw a goat grazing at the edge of a high cliff. The wolf smacked his lips at the thought of a fine goat dinner. 
“My dear friend”, said the wolf in his sweetest voice, “aren’t you afraid you will fall down from the cliff? Come down here and graze on this fine grass beside me on safe, level ground.”
“No, thank you,” said the goat.
“Well then,” said the wolf. “Aren’t you cold up there in the wind?” You would be warmer grazing here beside me in this sheltered area.”
“No, thank you,” said the goat. 
“But the grass tastes better down here!” said the exasperated wolf. “Why dine alone?”
“My dear wolf,” the goat finally said, “are you quite sure that it is my dinner you are worrying about and not your own?”

What can we learn from the story?
A. Don’t look down other creatures.
B. Don’t easily believe in well behaved creatures.
C. Don’t judge others by their appearance.
D. Don’t easily beat other creatures.

Untuk dapat menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, pahami sepenuhnya makna cerita kemudian apresiasikannya. Dalam cerita tersebut, Serigala (wolf) berpura- pura baik terhadap kambing (goat) padahal ada maksud jahat dari serigala. Melihat pada pilihan jawaban yang tersedia, maka pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah pada pilihan B, Don’t easily believe in well behaved creatures, jangan pernah mudah percaya terhadap makhluk yang bertingkah baik karena mungkin saja ada rencana jahat yang akan dilakukannya.

Latihan Soal UN SMA

Once a man sold his well to a farmer. Next day when a farmer went to draw the water from that well, the man did not allow him to draw the water from it. He said, “I have sold you the well, not the water, so you cannot draw the water from the well.”
The farmer became very sad and came to the Emperor’s court. He described everything to the Emperor and asked for the justice.
The Emperor called Birbal and handed over this case to him. Birbal called the man who sold the well to the farmer. Birbal asked, “Why don’t you let him use the water of the well. You have sold the well to the farmer.” The man replied, “Birbal, I have sold the well to the farmer, not the water. He has no right to draw the water from the well.”
Then Birbal smiled and said to him, “Good, but look, since you have sold the well to this farmer, and you claim that water is yours, then you have no right to keep your water in the farmer’s well. Either you pay rent to the farmer to keep your water in his well, or you take that out of his well immediately.”
The man understood, that his trick has failed. Birbal has outwitted him.

What is the moral value of the text? 
A. Stealing is not a good thing, you can always use your brain and ease out of the difficult situations.
B. Don’t try to cheat because you will end up paying for it regardless of how smart you think you are.
C. One who desires more, loses all. One should remain satisfied with what one gets
D. There is no substitute for hard work because dreams cannot be fulfilled without hard work
E. Do not just blindly walk in to anything without thinking

Dalam menjawab soal tersebut, memang harus memahami makna dari cerita, karakter tokohna untuk mendapatkan pesan yang tersirat. Nilai moral alam teks narartive tersebut adalah jangan pernah mencoba untuk menipu karena kamu pasti akan menerima balasan atas apa yang sudah dilakukan.



Tips Menjawab Soal Reading Ujian Nasional (UN) : Menentukan Topik dan Pokok Pikiran Suatu Paragraf

Tips Menjawab Soal Reading Ujian Nasional (UN) : Menentukan Topik dan Pokok Pikiran Suatu Paragraf

Dua tipe kalimat tanya yang juga sering muncul dalam soal ujian nasional selain menentukan gambaran umum adalah menentukan topik suatu paragraf dan menentukan pokok pikiran.

Menentukan Topik suatu paragraf
Topik paragraph menceritakan Anda suatu paragraf itu berisi tentang apa. Dalam menentukan topik, ingat jangan memilih topik yang terlalu khusus atau terlalu umum. Beberapa pertanyaan seputar topik dalam suatu paragraf adalah sebagai berikut,
  • What is paragraph 1 about?
  • What does paragraph (3) tell you about?
  • What is the (third) paragraph of the text about?
  • What is the main idea of paragraph (2)?
  • What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
  • Paragraph (4) tells you about … .
  • The (fourth) paragraph is about … .

Contoh:
Read the text and answer the question given.
The food in Mexico sometimes surprises tourists. It can be very spicy! Mexican cooks use a special kind of pepper. This pepper is so spicy that it almost burns your mouth. But most people start to like the spices after a while. They learn to like Mexican food very much.
What is the above paragraph about?
a. Mexican cooks
b. Mexican food
c. Spicy food
d. Food
Jawaban: B

Read the text and answer the question given.
Large forests are important to us in many ways. they give us wood for building and heating. They are a home for many kinds of plants and animals. And for many city people, forests are a place to go for a vacation. People can learn about nature there. They can breathe fresh air and sleep in a quiet place. But there is one more reason why forests are important for everyone. The leaves on the trees in a forest help clean the air. Dirty air is a problem in many parts of the world. Without our forests this problem might be much worse.
What does the above paragraph tell you about?

Menentukan Pokok Pikiran Suatu Paragraf
Pokok pikiran atau pikiran utama suatu paragraf menceritakan kita lebih banyak tentang suatu topik paragraf. Pikiran utama ini sebenarnya menceritakan ide si penulis tentang topik paragraf tersebut. Biasanya ide ini dinyatakan dalam bentuk kalimat utama.

Misal topik paragraf : Elephants
Maka ide penulis atau kalimat utamanya bisa berupa misalnya:

a. Elephants live in Africa and Asia.
b. Elephants can cause serious problems for farmers.
c. Elephants are killed for their skin and their ivory tasks.
Kemudian penulis memberikan ide pendukung atau kalimat-kalimat penjelasnya.

Contoh Soal,
Read the text and answer the question given.
Diamonds are very expensive for several reasons. First, they are difficult to find. They are only found in a few places in the world. Second, they are useful. People use diamonds to cut other stones. Third, diamonds do not change. They stay the same for millions of years. And finally, they are very beautiful.
Questions:
What is the above paragraph about?
What is the main idea of the above paragraph?


Tips Menentukan Tempat Pokok Pikiran atau Topic Idea dalam Paragraf
1. Pokok pikiran dapat dijumpai pada kalimat pertama. Biasanya kalimatnya berupa: summary sentence, introductory sentence, brief definition, atau statement to be explained.

Contoh:
a. Introductory sentence

Example 1
There are many kinds of pollution. One kind is air pollution. This usually is a problem over cities. Water pollution is another problem. It is found in rivers, lakes, and oceans. Also, pollution of the earth is sometimes a problem near farms. And finally, there is even noise pollution, especially in crowded cities. 
1. What is the text about?
2. What is the main idea of the above paragraph?

Kalimat pokok pikiran berupa brief definition

Example 2

Ozone is an unusually active form of oxygen produced by the discharge of electricity in the air. The fresh, pungent odor of the air after a thunderstorm is partly due to the presence of ozone produced in the air by lighting. The slightly irritating odor near x rays and other high-voltage machine is also due to the presence of ozone.
1. What does the above paragraph tell you about?
2. What is the main idea of the paragraph?

Kalimat pokok pikiran berupa summary sentence

Example 3
Certainly money should not be your chief aim in life. But you ought not to despise it, for it can help you and your family obtains many of good things of life. It can buy an adequate diet, one of the bases of good health. When necessary, it can provide medicine and medical care. It can be the means for a comfortable house, for travel, for good books and for hobbies and recreation. It can make it easier for your children to secure an education. Finally, it can offer a great opportunity for you to help others.

1. What is the topic of the paragraph above?
2. What is the main idea of the above paragraph?

Kalimat pokok pikiran berupa statement to be explained

Example 4
Computer language can be funny at times. For example, we say computers have a memory. We know they do not really remember or think. But we still say memory. Also, on many computer programs there is a menu. Of course, we are not talking about restaurants or food. This is a different kind of menu. Another funny example is the mouse in some computers. it is hard not to think about a real mouse when you hear the word. But do not worry: there are no little gray animals in the machine.
1. What is the topic of the paragraph above?
2. What is the main idea of the above paragraph?

Pokok pikiran dapat juga dijumpai di akhir kalimat.
    Jika kita tidak menjumpai pokok pikiran di kalimat awal, maka tempat untuk mengetahui selanjutnya adalah mungkin di akhir paragraph. Pokok pikiran seperti ini biasanya berupa pengulangan dari kalimat pertama yang dinyatakan secara persis atau berbeda dengan kalimat yang pertama tersebut.
Example 5
    The chemist is essential in our life today. Aviation uses lightweight aluminum, magnesium, high-octane gasoline – all processed or created by chemist. The automotive industry uses plastics, improved gasoline and oils, improved rubber and other creations or discovery of the chemist. Farming depends on the chemist for many fertilizers and insecticides. Medicine has received the miracle drugs and synthetic vitamins from the chemist. Indeed, the chemist today is irreplaceable.
1. What is the text about?
2. What is the main idea of the above paragraph?

Pokok pikiran dapat juga ditemukan di kalimat kedua.
    Bila hal ini terjadi mungkin kalimat pertama masih mengacu pada sesuatu pada paragraph sebelumnya. Kalimat ini mungkin memberi idea yang menkualifikasi atau mengontraskan. Penting diperhatikan pokok pikiran dikalimat kedua ini sering ditandai dengan pemakaian kata ganti yang merujuk pada kata tertentu dalam kalimat pertamanya.
Example 6
Certainly money should not be your chief aim in life. But you ought not to despise it, for it can help you and your family obtain many of good things of life. It can buy an adequate diet, one of the bases of good health. When necessary, it can provide medicine and medical care. It can be the means for a comfortable house, for travel, for good books and for hobbies and recreation. It can make it easier for your children to secure an education. Finally, it can offer a great opportunity for you to help others.
1. What is the paragraph about?
2. What is the main idea of the paragraph?

Pokok pikiran bisa jumpa dijumpai pada kalimat pertama dan kedua yang disatukan.

Example 7
You may question whether a poor mark in chemistry, for example, will look bad to the future employer who is considering you for a sales position. It will. Or at least it will throw some doubt into his mind. He will reason something like this: “He (you) was given a job to do, but he didn’t give that job a good effort. I wonder if he will postpone calling on a tough customer until a worker from other company has clinched the sale”. 
1. What is the text about?
2. What is the main idea of the above paragraph?
Pokok pikiran dapat juga tidak dinyatakan secara jelas dalam paragraf. Namun demikian penulis memberikan kalimat-kalimat penjelasnya. Dalam situasi ini pembaca diminta menyimpulkannya sendiri.
Example 8
The 1989 Census Report tells us that in 1987, of all men 25 years and older, those who completed eight years of grade school received a median income of $2533. Those with four years of high school received a median wage of 3258. Those who stuck out four years of college received a median wage of $4407

1. What is the text about?
2. What is the main idea of the above paragraph?
Pokok pikiran bisa juga ditemukan di kalimat yang mana saja pada suatu paragraph. Setiap kalimat pada paragraph ini mungkin sebagai pokok pikiran. Kalaimat yang mana saja dimanapun ia ditempatkan yang menceritakan tentang topik paragraf, maka ia menjadi pikiran utama dari paragraph tersebut. 
Example 9
     (1) The widespread illusion on this subject (working one’s way through college) is due to several misconceptions. (2) The first of these is the popular idea that the great objective is to get through college. (3) Getting through college is of no value whatsoever. (4) Many men have gotten through college who would be better off if they had never seen a college. (5) So would society. (6) Which is to say that there are no many ways of getting through college and some of them mean nothing. (7) What counts is what a man gets out of college as he gets through. (8) If he gets what he should, he will be immediately enriched and society will be blessed by his ability and his service. (9) But if he does not get these proper values, he has nothing. (10) The fact, therefore, that a man earned his through college means nothing unless the man got something as he went through. (11) Many of the earning men get little or nothing. (12) In one case play interferes with education. (14) In the other, menial, driving, all absorbing remunerative work does the same. 

1. What is the text about?
2. What is the main idea of the paragraph above?
Pokok pikiran ada juga yang terletak di luar paragraph. Adanya bisa di paragraph yang mendahuluinya atau yang datang sesudahnya. Model seperti ini biasanya terjadi jika suatu paragraph merupakan bagian dari unit yang lebih besar.
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Demikianlah tips menjawab soal reading ujian nasional (UN) menentukan topik dan pokok pikiran suatu paragraf. Semoga tulisan ini bermanfaat bagi kita semua. Terima kasih

Salam.

Tips Menjawab Soal Reading Ujian Nasional (UN) : Menentukan Gambaran Umum Suatu Bacaan

Tips Menjawab Soal Reading Ujian Nasional (UN) : Menentukan Gambaran Umum Suatu Bacaan

Salah satu jenis pertanyaan yang paling lazim ditemukan dalam soal ujian nasional baik tingkat SMP atau SMA adalah jenis soal untuk menentukan gambaran umum. Menentukan gambaran umum dalam sebuah teks merupakan salah satu dari SKL yang terdapat dalam kisi- kisi ujian nasional. Gambaran umum isi bacaan berbicara tentang suatu teks itu membahas tentang apa atau topic teks. Soal -soal bertipe gambaran umum biasanya memiliki ciri khas pertanyaan sebagai berikut ini,
  • What is the text about?
  • What does the text mostly tell you about?
  • What is the title of the text?
  • What is the best title for the text above?
Ada beberapa strategi yang bisa digunakan untuk menjawab soal bertipe ini antara lain, 
  1. Melihat pada judul
  2. Menghitung kata benda atau frasa kata benda yang dijadikan topik/ bahasan/ ide utama.
  3. Temukan pikiran utama tiap- tiap paragraf, utamanya pada paragraf awal. Pikiran utama terkandung dalam kalimat utama dan kalimat utama terdapat pada awal paragraf.
  4. Pada jenis text tertentu, misalnya news Items, descriptive, report dan exposition (hortatory dan analytical), gambaran umum biasa ditemukan pada paragraf awal, akan tetapi bisa ditemukan juga di awal dan akhir paragraf sebagai kesimpulan dari teks tersebut (exposition text)
Contoh Soal,

Kasus 1
Misal ada sebuah teks terdiri atas paragraph-paragraf dengan bahan pembicaraan sebagai berikut:

Par 1 : knife
Par 2 : fork
Par 3 : spoon
Par 4 : plate
Par 5 : glass
Par 6 : chopsticks

Pertanyaan
What is the text about?
Jawaban :
Maka berdasarkan bahan pembicaraan yang terdapat pada bacaan, bisa disimpulkan bahwa bacaan tersebut memiliki gambaran umum tentang Kitchen equipment

Kasus 2
Read the text and answer the question.
There are about 20,000 species, or kinds of bees. Bees live everywhere in the world except on high mountains, in the Arctic and Antarctic, and on some small islands in the ocean.
Some bees are as small as 0.08 inch (2 millimeters). Some bees are as big as 1.6 inches (4 centimeters). Bees come in many colors—black, gray, yellow, red, green, or blue. Most bees live alone. They are called solitary bees. Some bees live in groups called colonies. They are social bees.

Pertanyaan:
What does the text mostly tell you about?

Jawaban :
Kesimpulan yang bisa ditarik, 
  • Pada paragraf pertama, jenis spesies, tempat hidup lebah
  • Paragraf kedua, karakteristik lebah

Maka berdasarkan kesimpulan tersebut diatas, gambaran umum teks tersebut adalah tentang deskripsi lebah (secara umum).

Kasus 3
Divorce dominates civil cases tried at the Tondano district Court in Minahasa, here divorce  rates are high.
The divorce rate in Minahasa is no doubt high compared to other areas and it is matter  of great concern, said head of the Tondano District Court, Abraham Leimena, in Tondano on Friday.
 "Divorce dominated the civil cases tried at the court over the past year,"he said.
Although he did not cite any figures, Abraham estimated that around 60 -70 percent of the civil cases were divorce cases.
When asked about the reasons, he said general were irreconcilable differences. "...but generally the wife or husband was having an extramarital affair, "he said.   

Pertanyaan:
What does the text inform?
A. The high rate of divorce in Tondano
B. Crime dominating the civil cases.
C. The reason of divorce in Tondano
D. The percentage of divorce civil cases
E. Civil cases in the District Court

Jawaban :
pada jenis teks news item, secara generic structure, paragraf- paragraf awal adalah newsworthy event yang merupakan inti dari cerita teks tersebut, maka jawaban yang benar adalah pada pilihan A (The high rate of divorce in Tondano)

Itulah seputar tips menjawab soal reading yaitu pada bagian menentukan gambaran umum teks soal ujian nasional. Semoga berrmanfaat.

Salam. 

Mengenal Sembilan Jenis Soal Reading UN Bahasa Inggris dan Cara Menjawabnya

Mengenal Sembilan Jenis Soal Reading UN Bahasa Inggris dan Cara Menjawabnya

Reading skill merupakan salah satu kompetensi yang harus dikuasai oleh para siswa khususnya dalam soal ujian nasional pasalnya soal reading memiliki komposisi yang paling banyak dibanding soal lainnya. Dalam hal ini para siswa harus menyiapkan dengan benar jauh- jauh hari sebelum ujian dilaksanakan.
Mengenal jenis- jenis pertanyaan reading adalah satu hal yang mesti dipersiapkan pertama kali untuk membekali anda dalam menghadapi soal- soal reading. Nah, pada post atau tulisan kali ini, kami akan membahas mengenai jenis- jenis pertanyaan seputar reading text.  Dan seperti apa, jenis- jenis pertanyaan tersebut, berikut ulasannya.
Ilustrasi ujian
1. Gambaran Umum
Suatu bacaan ( dialog atau bacaan jenis lainnya) pasti membicarakan sesuatu. Bila kita membahas tentang apa suatu bacaan tersebut, maka kita membicarakan gambaran umum atau topik sebuah teks. Ada bermacam teks yang sudah kita kenal sebelumnya seperti procedure, descriptive, report, narrative, recount, news items, exposition, discussion, explanation, dan sebagainya. Beberapa contoh soal yang merujuk pada gambaran umum adalah sebagai berikut.
  • The text tell us about ....
  • What is the text about?
  • The text tells/ describes us about ....
  • What is the topic of the text above?
  • The text mainly discusses ....
Untuk menjawab pertanyaan seputar gambaran umum, kita bisa menggunakan strategi yaitu
  • Melihat pada judul
  • Menghitung kata benda atau frasa kata benda yang dijadikan topik/ bahasan/ idde utama.
  • Temukan pikiran utama tiap- tiap paragraf, utamanya pada paragraf awal. Pikiran utama terkandung dalam kalimat utama dan kalimat utama terdapat pada awal paragraf.
Berikut contoh teks dengan pertanyaan gambaran umum.

Last holiday my friends and I went to Bali for a field trip. We went there by bus. When we arrived in Tuban, the bus stopped at a restaurant for a rest. My friends and  I got off the bus to have meal for lunch. Then, I went to the toilet. It took only a few minutes.
When I came out again, the bus I rode was not there. It had left! I looked for my friends around the restaurant but they were not there too. I felt shocked and confused. I  didn’t know what I had to do. Then I asked the security of the restaurant about the bus and he said that the bus had left about ten minutes ago. I thought that the bus had left when I was in the toilet.
I tried to call my friends one by one but none was answer my phone. I couldn’t do anything but pray and hope. After several minutes,  the bus came back. One of my friends knew that I was not in the bus and  told   the bus driver that I was left in the restaurant. 
Then I got on the bus and walked to my seat. I was so embarrassed when all of my friends looked and laughed at me. I thought it was my unforgettable experience in my life.  

What does the story mainly tell us about?
A. The writer and his friends enjoyed their trip to Bali
B. The writer was left by the bus on his trip
C. The writer went for a field trip by bus in his holiday
D. The writer called his friends  but none of them answered
E. The writer arrived in Tuban for a rest

2. Pikiran Utama (main ideas of paragraph)
Bacaan umumnya dibangun dari sekumpulan paragraf; paragraf dibuat dari sekumpulan kalimat walaupun terkadang hanya terdiri atas satu kalimat; dan kalimat dibangun ddari sekumpulan kata- kata, frasa dan anak kalimat. Tipe soal yang menunjukkan pikiran utama addalah sebagai berikut:
  • What is the main idea of paragraph 1?
  • Paragraph four tells us about ....
  • What is the main idea of the third paragraph?
Adapun strategi menjawabnya adalah sebagai berikut.
Dalam sebuah paragraf biasanya terdapat satu topik atau apa yang dibahas dan suatu pokok pikiran yang biasanya dinyatakan dalam bentuk kalimat utama (topik sentence). Pokok pikiran menceritakan kepada pembaca ide dari si penulis tentang topik tersebut.
  • Bila pokok pikiran atau kalimat utama terdapat di awal paragraf disebut deduktif.
  • Bila pokok pikiran atau kalimat utama terdapat di akhir paragraf disebut induktif.
  • Bila pokok pikiran atau kalimat utama terdapat di awal dan akhir paragraf maka bisa disimpulkan.
Berikut contoh dari pertanyaan seputar pikiran utama.

The Mississippi River is the most important river in North America. It provided a major highway for early explorers of North America. Many cities grew up along it. Furs and farm goods traveled from these settlements down the river to markets. Today, more freight travels on the Mississippi than on any other waterway within the continent.
The Mississippi is known as the Father of Waters. It splits the United States from north to south in the nation’s heartland. The Mississippi gathers waters from rivers that lie between the Appalachian Mountains in the East and the Rocky Mountains in the West. The Ohio River flows into the Mississippi at Cairo, Illinois. The Missouri River empties into it near St. Louis, Missouri. The Illinois and Arkansas are other major rivers that flow into the Mississippi. 
The Mississippi is the largest river in North America. This means that it carries more water than any other North American river. But the Mississippi is not the longest river. That honor goes to the Missouri. The Missouri is 200 miles (320 kilometers) longer. The Mississippi starts at Lake Itasca in northern Minnesota. It flows southward through the central United States for 2,340 miles (3,770 kilometers). In southeastern Louisiana, the river empties into the Gulf of Mexico. Along the way, the Mississippi borders ten states.
A number of important cities are located on the Mississippi River. Before railroads and roads were available, these cities shipped and received goods by keel boats, steamboats, and other vessels on the river. Today, coal, oil, grain, and other goods travel on barges along the river. The biggest cities along the Mississippi are St. Paul and Minneapolis in Minnesota, St. Louis in Missouri, Memphis in Tennessee, and New Orleans in Louisiana. Native Americans lived along the Mississippi before European settlers arrived. Algonquian Indians gave the river its name. The name means “big water” in the Algonquian language. 
Adapted from : Article in Microsoft Encarta; The Mississippi River

What is the main idea of the third paragraph?  
A. The Mississippi is one of a crucial river in America 
B. Many rivers that lie between Appalachian Mountains in the East and the Rocky Mountains in the West  gather to The Mississippi river
C. The major river that flow into the Mississippi
D. The Mississipi becomes the largest river in North America
E. There are many important cities are located on the Mississippi river 


3. Informasi tertentu (specific information)
Informasi tertentu merupakan informasi yang tertera jelas atau tertulis jelas dalam bacaan dan dapat diidentifikasi dengan cepat. Informasi ini meliputi informasi seperti nama orang, tempat, jumlah, warna, cara, waktu, hari, tanggal dan lainnya. Ciri- ciri pertanyaan ini adalah dengan menggunakan WH Question seperti What (apa/ apakah), who (siapa), where (dimana), when (kapan), what day (hari apa), whom (siapa), how (bagaimana), dan seterusnya.

Cara menjawab
Untuk menemukan informasi tertentu dengan cepat, dapat dilakukan dengan cara mengambil salah satu kata penting atau yang sama artinya di ddalam pertanyaan, lalu mencari kata tersebut dalam bacaan dan menemukan informasi yang terkait yang mungkin berada setelah atau sebelum kata penting tersebut. 

Contoh soal informasi tertentu.

Because of construction work, Park street Station is closed. All passengers for Park Street Station will have to exit the train at Center station. Bus service is available at Center station to carry passengers to Park Street. After exiting the station, please line up the curb for a bus. Please avoid crowding. Buses will leave frequently, but there may be some delays because of street traffic. we are sorry for the inconvenience. The station is scheduled to reopen in three weeks. thank you for your cooperation.

Where would this announcement be posted?
A. In a railway station
B. In a restroom
C. In a bus station
D. In a park
E. In an airport

4. Informasi Rinci (detailed information)
Ialah informasi yang baru bisa diketahui setelah kita membaca suatu teks dengan ciri rinci atau seksama. Tipe soalnya adalah sebagai berikut .
  • Which sentence is correct based on the text above?
  • Which statement is incorrect about ... ?
  • Which is true according to the text?
  • Which of the following sentences is TRUE based on the text?
Cara menjawab:
  • Cek satu persatu jawaban yang disediakan
  • Periksa paraphrase yang ada dalam teks dan pilihan jawaban

Inilah contoh soal informasi rinci.

Two years ago I had a chance to fly in an aeroplane. This was my first flight so I was very nervous. I feared that sorts of accidents might happen on the way. I thought that the engine might burst and come down with a crash. Sometimes I was afraid that the pilot might make a mistake and I had to pay for it with my life.
Soon after I had seated myself there, the sound of the engines rose to a roar as moved off, and gradually its speed. Then it was with a feeling of surprise I noticed that the ground was at some distance beneath me. As the plane went higher and higher up in the air, a strange sensation ran through my body. Soon, the motion was easy. The fear which overtook me at the time of flight was no more in my heart. Now I was quite bold in the air.
This did not mean that I felt the worse for it. I felt as comfortable in the aeroplane as I used to feel in my car. I felt no sense of insecurity. I did not occur to me even for a moment that my life could ever be in danger. The machine flew as smoothly in the air as a boat glides down a peaceful stream.
When the plane was at sufficient height, I looked through the pane of the window. The earth seemed to be “falling off” from us. The big building looked like a small spots of beauty. The sky was clear. Everything looked new and strange. 
The most beautiful thing was the scene around me. I saw nothing but was surrounded by pure air. Occasionally I saw clouds floating here and there. 
We flew over the roofs of many houses. At one place we were very near the roof and I felt that we were going to touch it.  After flying for a long time, we finally touche the earth. The journey was so pleasant and comfortable that I could not forget it.

Adapted from : http://www.4essay.blogspot.com
What is NOT true according to the text?
A. The writer felt worried before getting on the plane
B. The writer was afraid of flying because he had traumatic accident caused by the pilot’s mistake
C. The writer felt relief after the plane went higher
D. The weather was fine when the writer flew by plane
E. The writer thought his first flight was his memorable experience 

5. Informasi tersirat (not clearly stated information)
Informasi tersirat yaitu suatu kesimpulan yang logis/ masuk akal yang terdapat dalam bacaan atau dengan menggunakan pengetahuan yang kita miliki atau keduanya. Ciri- ciri dari soal informasi tersirat adalah sebagai berikut .
  • From the text above, we know that ....
  • What can we conclude from the text?
  • From the text above we can conclude that .....
  • The following statements are true about ..., except ....
  • From the text above,it shows that ....

Cara menjawabnya,
  • Periksa satu persatu pilihan jawaban yang disediakan
  • Paraphrase.
Contoh soal Informasi tersirat.

Because of construction work, Park Street Station is closed. All passengers for Park Street Station will have to exit the train at Center Station. Bus service is available at Center station to carry passengers to Park Street. After exiting the station, please line up the curb for a bus. Please avoid crowding. Buses will leave frequently, but there may be some delays because of street traffic. We are sorry for the inconvenience. The station is scheduled to reopen in three weeks. Thank you for your cooperation.

From the text we may know that ….
A. Park Street Station will be closed for a month
B. Passengers are suggested to take bus after exiting the station
C. Because of street traffic, passengers will be late to work for hours
D. Bus Services is available once a day
E. Passengers are allowed to wait for the bus everywhere

6. Rujukan Kata
Saat kita membaca sebuah teks, kadang kita menemukan kata- kata ganti seperti she, he, it, they, we, us, ours, my, your atau kata lain yang mengganti orang- orang atau benda- benda tertentu, seperti the boy, the man, one, this, that, these, those. Dalam teks kita biasa menemukan kata- kata tersebut dalam pertanyaan seputar rujukan kata atau reference. Biasanya ciri- ciri pertanyaan ini adalah sebagai berikut .
  • ... What does the underlined word refer to?
  • ...The underlinedd word refers to ....
  • ... What does the word "she" refer to?
  • ... The word I refer to ...
Cara menjawab
Rujukan kata biasanya terdapat pada kalimat sebelum kata ganti tersebut dan ada pula yang terletak setelah kata ganti itu.

Contoh soal rujukan kata

Pramoedya Ananta Toer, also spelled Pramudya Ananta Tur (born February 20, 1925, Blora, Java, Dutch East Indies (now in Indonesia)—died April 30, 2006, Jakarta, Indonesia), Javanese novelist and short-story writer, the pre-eminent prose writer of post independence Indonesia.
Pramoedya, the son of a schoolteacher, went to Jakarta while a teenager and worked as a typist there under the Japanese occupation during World War II. In 1945, at the end of the war, when Indonesia declared its independence and revolted against renewed Dutch colonial rule, he joined the nationalists, working in radio and producing an Indonesian-language magazine before he was arrested by the Dutch authorities in 1947. He wrote his first published novel, Perburuan (1950; The Fugitive), during a two-year term in a Dutch prison camp (1947–49). That work describes the flight of an anti-Japanese rebel back to his home in Java.
After Indonesian independence was recognized by the Netherlands in 1949, Pramoedya produced a stream of novels and short stories that established his reputation. The novel Keluarga gerilja (1950; “Guerrilla Family”) chronicles the tragic consequences of divided political sympathies in a Javanese family during the Indonesian Revolution against Dutch rule, while Mereka jang dilumpuhkan (1951; “The Paralyzed”) depicts the odd assortment of inmates Pramoedya became acquainted with in the Dutch prison camp. The short stories collected in Subuh (1950; “Dawn”) and Pertjikan revolusi (1950; “Sparks of Revolution”) are set during the Indonesian Revolution, while those in Tjerita dari Blora (1952; “Tales of Bora”) depict Javanese provincial life in the period of Dutch rule. The sketches in Tjerita dari Djakarta (1957; “Tales of Jakarta”) examine the strains and injustices Pramoedya perceived within Indonesian society after independence had been achieved. In these early works Pramoedya evolved a rich prose style that incorporated Javanese everyday speech and images from classical Javanese culture.
By the late 1950s Pramoedya had become sympathetic toward the Indonesian Communist Party, and after 1958 he abandoned fiction for essays and cultural criticism that reflect a left-wing viewpoint. By 1962 he had become closely aligned with communist-sponsored cultural groups. As a result, he was jailed by the army in the course of its bloody suppression of a communist coup in 1965. During his imprisonment he wrote a series of four historical novels that further enhanced his reputation. Two of these, Bumi manusia (1980; This Earth of Mankind) and Anak semua bangsa (1980; Child of All Nations), met with great critical and popular acclaim in Indonesia after their publication, but the government subsequently banned them from circulation, and the last two volumes of the tetralogy, Jejak langkah (1985; Footsteps) and Rumah kaca (1988; House of Glass), had to be published abroad. These late works comprehensively depict Javanese society under Dutch colonial rule in the early 20th century. In contrast to Pramoedya’s earlier works, they were written in a plain, fast-paced narrative style.

source text: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pramoedya-Ananta-Toer

“…and popular acclaim in Indonesia after their publication, but the government subsequently banned them from circulation, and the last two volumes of the tetra logy, …” (paragraph 4)
The underlined word refers to …. 
A. A series of four historical novels 
B. Essays and cultural criticism 
C. Short stories 
D. Bumi Manusia and Anak Semua Bangsa
E. Pramoedya’s early works

7. Makna Kata (deducing meaning of words from context)
Pertanyaan seputar makna kata membutuhkan kemampuan dan ketrampilan menebak arti suatu kata yang belum diketahui artinya dengan cara menafsirkn arti kata tersebut berdasarkan kata- kata yang anda tahu artinya atau berdasarkan konteks kalimat atau bacaan, kemudian menyimpulkan kira- kira apakah arti dari kata tersebut. hal ini sangatlah penting karena satu kata bisa memiliki banyak makna.
Contoh soal seputar makna kata
  • The underlined word has similar meaning with ....
  • The underlined word has the same meaning as ....
  • what does the underlined word mean?
  • The closest meaning of the underlined word is ....
  • The synonym of ... is ....
  • The word of " ..." can be replaced with ....
  • What is the antonym of the underlined phrase?
Cara menjawab :
  • Menebak kata berdasarkan konteks nya.
Contoh soal

Continued progress in advanced technology is not necessary. Already the technical progress in our world has caused severe pollution in the air and in the water. Although the technical progress in previous years has been helpful, recent technology has significantly increased pollution. Another reason to stop technical progress is that many inventions which were developed for good causes are now also used for powerful weapons to have been found have serious side effects. For example, pesticide put inside particle boards to proscribe termites has now be found to be toxic to human life. Technology does not always bring good effects; for example, computers do much work faster than man, but then man loses his job to a machine. Because no man can guarantee that technology will have only good effects and will be used only for the benefit of man, we should delay the continued development of technology.

“For example, pesticide put inside particle boards to proscribe termites has now be found to be toxic to human life”
What does the underlined word mean?
A. prevent
B. authorize
C. allow
D. accept
E. enroll

8. Tujuan Komunikatif (purpose of the text)
Setiap teks dibuat dengan maksud tertentu yang hendak disampaikan kepada pembacanya. Beberapa contoh soal yang berkaitan dengan tujuan komunikatif teks adalah sebagai berikut.
  • The aim of the text above is ....
  • What does the writer write the message for?
  • The purpose of the text above is to ....
  • What is the goal of the text?
  • The text is written to .....
Cara menjawab.
Setiap teks memiliki tujuan tersendiri misalnya,
  • Descriptive = to describe
  • Report = to describe in general
  • Procedure = to explain how ...
  • Recount = to retell ....
  • Narrative = to entertain or to amuse ....
  • etc.
Contoh soal dalam teks

Two years ago I had a chance to fly in an aeroplane. This was my first flight so I was very nervous. I feared that sorts of accidents might happen on the way. I thought that the engine might burst and come down with a crash. Sometimes I was afraid that the pilot might make a mistake and I had to pay for it with my life.
Soon after I had seated myself there, the sound of the engines rose to a roar as moved off, and gradually its speed. Then it was with a feeling of surprise I noticed that the ground was at some distance beneath me. As the plane went higher and higher up in the air, a strange sensation ran through my body. Soon, the motion was easy. The fear which overtook me at the time of flight was no more in my heart. Now I was quite bold in the air.
This did not mean that I felt the worse for it. I felt as comfortable in the aeroplane as I used to feel in my car. I felt no sense of insecurity. I did not occur to me even for a moment that my life could ever be in danger. The machine flew as smoothly in the air as a boat glides down a peaceful stream.
When the plane was at sufficient height, I looked through the pane of the window. The earth seemed to be “falling off” from us. The big building looked like a small spots of beauty. The sky was clear. Everything looked new and strange. 
The most beautiful thing was the scene around me. I saw nothing but was surrounded by pure air. Occasionally I saw clouds floating here and there. 
We flew over the roofs of many houses. At one place we were very near the roof and I felt that we were going to touch it.  After flying for a long time, we finally touche the earth. The journey was so pleasant and comfortable that I could not forget it.

Adapted from : http://www.4essay.blogspot.com
What is the purpose of the text?
A. To describe the writer’s experience in his first flight
B. To persuade the readers to fly by aeroplane
C. To inform the readers about condition in an aeroplane
D. To retell the writer’s experience in his first flight
E. To show the writer’s opinion about flying by aeroplane

9. Nilai Moral (moral value)
Nilai moral suatu teks dapat dipahami dari kata- kata yang digunakan di akhir teks dan biasanya kata- kata itu menunjukkan perbuatan- perbuatan yang patut diteladani atau diperhatikan. Namun kadang- kadang pada akhir cerita tidak menunjukkan secara langsung nilai moralnya sehingga kita harus menarik suatu kesimpulan tentang nilai moral tentang apa yang hendak disampaikan.

Contoh soal
  • What can you learn from the story above?
  • What is the moral value of the story?
Cara menjawab :
  • Penyimpulan tiap- yiap paragraf
  • Beberapa ditemukan dalam paragraf terakhir.
Contoh Soal dalam Teks

Once upon a time Sammy and his sister Marie visited their grandparents at their farm. Sammy picked up a slingshot to play with out in the woods.  He practiced in the woods but he could never hit the target.  Getting a little discouraged, he headed back for the lunch.  As he was walking back he saw Grandma’s pet duck.
Just out of impulse, he let the slingshot fly which hit the duck square in the head and killed it. He was shocked and grieved. In a panic, he hid the dead duck in the pile of woods.  Marie had seen it all from the window but she said nothing. After the lunch, the next day Grandma said, “Marie, let’s wash the dishes.”  Marie said, “But Grandma, Sammy told me he wanted to help in the kitchen.”
Then she whispered to Sammy, “Remember the duck?” Sammy got nervous knowing his sister knew about the duck and if he doesn’t obey, she may tell his grandparents about it.  So without saying anything he did the dishes.
Later that day, Grandpa asked if the children wanted to go fishing but Grandma said, “I’m sorry but I need Marie to help make a supper.”  Marie just smiled and said, “Well that’s all right because Sammy told me he wanted to help.”
She whispered again to Johnny, “Remember the duck?”  So Marie went fishing and Sammy stayed to help.  After several days of Marie taking advantage of Sammy, he finally couldn’t stand it any longer.  He came to Grandma and confessed that he had killed the duck.
Grandma knelt down, gave him a hug and said, “Sweetheart, I know. I was standing at the window and I saw the whole thing but because I love you, I forgave you.  I was just wondering how long you would let Marie take advantage of you.”
Source text : http://www.moralstories.org

What is the moral value of the story?
A. Practice makes perfect
B. What is bad in one case may be good in another
C. Don’t trust people easily
D. You should confess of your mistakes
E. Keep going and do the best

Demikian sembilan jenis pertanyaan atau soal reading teks dan cara menjawabnya dalam Ujian Nasional Bahasa Inggris. Semoga bisa memberikan manfaat bagi anda semuanya.
Salam.

Sample texts are taken from :
http://www.4essay.blogspot.com
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pramoedya-Ananta-Toer
http://www.moralstories.org


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