Dalam soal reading ujian nasional baik tingkat SMP atau SMA, kita sering menemukan pertanyaan seputar pesan moral (moral value) khususnya dalam teks narrative. Selain menghibur (to amuse/ to entertain) salah satu tujuan komunikatif teks narrative lainnya adalah memberikan ‘pelajaran’ atau ‘moral teaching’ kepada pembaca/pendengar. ‘moral value’ atau ‘moral teaching’ bisa dinyatakan dalam sebuah pernyataaan atau kalimat perintah/larangan.
Tingkat kesulitan tipe soal ini sangat tinggi karena berada pada ranah sintesa. Dengan tingkatan pemahaman membacanya sangat tinggi dan termasuk dalam soal bertipe ‘higher order of thinking’ pembiasaan untuk berfikir kritis sangat diperlukan.
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Tingkat kesulitan tipe soal ini sangat tinggi karena berada pada ranah sintesa. Dengan tingkatan pemahaman membacanya sangat tinggi dan termasuk dalam soal bertipe ‘higher order of thinking’ pembiasaan untuk berfikir kritis sangat diperlukan.
Contoh soal yang merepresentasikan tentang pesan moral adalah sebagai berikut,
- What is the moral value of the story?
- What can we learn from the story?
Sebagai contoh, berikut soal tentang menentukan pesan moral (moral value) dalam teks yang terdapt pada soal- soal ujian nasional SMP atau SMA
Latihan Soal UN SMP
A wolf saw a goat grazing at the edge of a high cliff. The wolf smacked his lips at the thought of a fine goat dinner.
“My dear friend”, said the wolf in his sweetest voice, “aren’t you afraid you will fall down from the cliff? Come down here and graze on this fine grass beside me on safe, level ground.”
“No, thank you,” said the goat.
“Well then,” said the wolf. “Aren’t you cold up there in the wind?” You would be warmer grazing here beside me in this sheltered area.”
“No, thank you,” said the goat.
“But the grass tastes better down here!” said the exasperated wolf. “Why dine alone?”
“My dear wolf,” the goat finally said, “are you quite sure that it is my dinner you are worrying about and not your own?”
Latihan Soal UN SMP
The Wolf and the Goat
“My dear friend”, said the wolf in his sweetest voice, “aren’t you afraid you will fall down from the cliff? Come down here and graze on this fine grass beside me on safe, level ground.”
“No, thank you,” said the goat.
“Well then,” said the wolf. “Aren’t you cold up there in the wind?” You would be warmer grazing here beside me in this sheltered area.”
“No, thank you,” said the goat.
“But the grass tastes better down here!” said the exasperated wolf. “Why dine alone?”
“My dear wolf,” the goat finally said, “are you quite sure that it is my dinner you are worrying about and not your own?”
What can we learn from the story?
A. Don’t look down other creatures.
B. Don’t easily believe in well behaved creatures.
C. Don’t judge others by their appearance.
D. Don’t easily beat other creatures.
B. Don’t easily believe in well behaved creatures.
C. Don’t judge others by their appearance.
D. Don’t easily beat other creatures.
Untuk dapat menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, pahami sepenuhnya makna cerita kemudian apresiasikannya. Dalam cerita tersebut, Serigala (wolf) berpura- pura baik terhadap kambing (goat) padahal ada maksud jahat dari serigala. Melihat pada pilihan jawaban yang tersedia, maka pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah pada pilihan B, Don’t easily believe in well behaved creatures, jangan pernah mudah percaya terhadap makhluk yang bertingkah baik karena mungkin saja ada rencana jahat yang akan dilakukannya.
Latihan Soal UN SMA
Once a man sold his well to a farmer. Next day when a farmer went to draw the water from that well, the man did not allow him to draw the water from it. He said, “I have sold you the well, not the water, so you cannot draw the water from the well.”
The farmer became very sad and came to the Emperor’s court. He described everything to the Emperor and asked for the justice.
The Emperor called Birbal and handed over this case to him. Birbal called the man who sold the well to the farmer. Birbal asked, “Why don’t you let him use the water of the well. You have sold the well to the farmer.” The man replied, “Birbal, I have sold the well to the farmer, not the water. He has no right to draw the water from the well.”
Then Birbal smiled and said to him, “Good, but look, since you have sold the well to this farmer, and you claim that water is yours, then you have no right to keep your water in the farmer’s well. Either you pay rent to the farmer to keep your water in his well, or you take that out of his well immediately.”
The man understood, that his trick has failed. Birbal has outwitted him.
Latihan Soal UN SMA
Once a man sold his well to a farmer. Next day when a farmer went to draw the water from that well, the man did not allow him to draw the water from it. He said, “I have sold you the well, not the water, so you cannot draw the water from the well.”
The farmer became very sad and came to the Emperor’s court. He described everything to the Emperor and asked for the justice.
The Emperor called Birbal and handed over this case to him. Birbal called the man who sold the well to the farmer. Birbal asked, “Why don’t you let him use the water of the well. You have sold the well to the farmer.” The man replied, “Birbal, I have sold the well to the farmer, not the water. He has no right to draw the water from the well.”
Then Birbal smiled and said to him, “Good, but look, since you have sold the well to this farmer, and you claim that water is yours, then you have no right to keep your water in the farmer’s well. Either you pay rent to the farmer to keep your water in his well, or you take that out of his well immediately.”
The man understood, that his trick has failed. Birbal has outwitted him.
What is the moral value of the text?
A. Stealing is not a good thing, you can always use your brain and ease out of the difficult situations.
B. Don’t try to cheat because you will end up paying for it regardless of how smart you think you are.
C. One who desires more, loses all. One should remain satisfied with what one gets
D. There is no substitute for hard work because dreams cannot be fulfilled without hard work
E. Do not just blindly walk in to anything without thinking
Dalam menjawab soal tersebut, memang harus memahami makna dari cerita, karakter tokohna untuk mendapatkan pesan yang tersirat. Nilai moral alam teks narartive tersebut adalah jangan pernah mencoba untuk menipu karena kamu pasti akan menerima balasan atas apa yang sudah dilakukan.
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